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Full annealing is a heat treatment process that involves heating metal to a specific temperature and then allowing it to cool slowly. The primary goal of full annealing is to soften the metal, making it more ductile and reducing internal stresses, which can improve its workability and machinability. This process is particularly beneficial for materials like steel that have been hardened or stressed through previous processing.

By focusing on the opposite of hardening, it becomes clear that full annealing is aimed at restoring the material's properties, making it less brittle and more suitable for further manufacturing processes. This is essential in applications where flexibility and toughness are desirable. The process often results in a refined grain structure, which enhances the overall mechanical behavior of the metal.

The other options address various unrelated metal treatment processes or methods, but they do not encapsulate the fundamental nature of full annealing as an operation designed to reverse previous hardening.